Mastering Verb Conjugation in English: A Complete Guide

Verb conjugation in English is essential for constructing clear and grammatically correct sentences. Understanding how verbs change based on tense, person, and number significantly improves English learners’ fluency.

This post will explore English conjugation tenses, provide an English conjugation table, and offer a “conjugate verbs in English exercise” to test your knowledge.

What Is Verb Conjugation in English Grammar?

Verb conjugation refers to how verbs change form to show tense (past, present, future), person (first, second, third), and number (singular or plural).

When we conjugate a verb, we adjust it to match the subject, tense, or mood. For example, the verb visit becomes visits in “He visits Paris every summer holiday,” and visited in “He vsited Paris last summer holiday.”

Compared to some other languages, verb conjugation in English is relatively simple—but it still requires careful attention to rules and patterns.

Examples of Verb Conjugation in All Tenses

Here are tables with examples of verb conjugation in English:

Example: Play (Regular Verb)

Example: Do (Irregular Verb)

Now that we’ve seen how different verbs are conjugated in all tenses, it’s important to understand the various types of verbs in English and how they affect conjugation. Let’s explore the different verb types, starting with action and stative verbs, before diving into the distinction between regular and irregular verbs.

Types of Verbs and How They Affect Conjugation

Understanding the different types of verbs in English helps you know how they behave in different tenses. Some verbs appear in all tenses, while others have restrictions. Below are the main types of verbs and what they mean for conjugation.

1. Action Verbs

Action verbs describe physical or mental actions (run, think, play).

💡 Conjugation Tip: Most action verbs are regular and can be used in all tenses — simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.

Examples:

• I play every day. (present simple)
• She was playing when you called. (past continuous)
• They have played all season. (present perfect)

2. Stative Verbs

Stative verbs express states, emotions, possession, or mental conditions (know, like, own, believe).

💡 Conjugation Tip: These verbs are usually not used in continuous tenses, even if the tense allows for it grammatically.

Examples:

• I know the answer. ✓
• I am knowing the answer. (Incorrect)

Learn more about the difference between stative and action verbs.

3. Linking Verbs

Linking verbs (most commonly be, seem, look, feel, become) connect the subject to more information.

💡 Conjugation Tip: The linking verb be is irregular and plays a key role in sentence structure. While be also functions as a helping verb in continuous and passive forms, its role as a linking verb is to connect the subject to a state or condition.

Examples:

• She is a teacher. (“Be” here is a linking verb not an auxiliary see below)
• He became angry.
• She looks beautiful.

4. Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs

Helping verbs are used with main verbs to form tenses, questions, negations, and voices. The primary helping verbs are be, do, and have. Modal verbs like can, may, and must also help express ability, possibility, or necessity.

Examples:

• She has finished. (present perfect)
• Did you go? (past simple question)
• They are running. (present continuous)

Understanding the different types of verbs is helpful — but when it comes to conjugation, the key distinction is between regular and irregular verbs. This difference affects how verbs change in various tenses, especially in the past and past participle forms.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

Conjugating English verbs correctly depends on whether a verb is regular or irregular. This distinction affects how the verb forms its past simple and past participle tenses.

1. Regular Verbs

Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern when conjugated:

• Base form + -ed for both past simple and past participle.

Examples:

💡 Tip: If a regular verb ends in -e, just add -d (e.g. “love → loved”). For verbs ending in a consonant + y, change y to -ied (e.g., “cry → cried”). Check this guide about the spelling of -ed forms.

2. Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs do not follow the regular -ed rule. Instead, they have unique forms that must be memorized. Check this guide for a complete list of regular verbs.

Examples:

Note: Some irregular verbs have the same form for past and past participle (e.g. “cut – cut – cut”). Others change both.

But why does it matter whether a verb is regular or irregular when we’re conjugating it?

Understanding the difference is essential because it affects how we form key verb tenses — especially the past simple and past participle, which appear in perfect tenses, the passive voice, and other constructions.

Here’s why it matters:

• Regular verbs follow predictable patterns — once you learn the rules (e.g., add -ed), you can conjugate hundreds of verbs with ease.
• Irregular verbs break these rules and must be memorized. Without knowing their correct forms, learners are likely to make common grammar mistakes.

For example:

• She has gone to school. ✓ → (Correct: irregular verb “go” → gone)
• She has went to school. ⨉ → (Incorrect: using past simple instead of past participle)

💡 Tip: Many common verbs (e.g., be, have, do, eat, see) are irregular, so practice them frequently.

Interested in learning more? Check out this list of common irregular verbs!

The Role of Helping Verbs in English Verb Conjugation

Helping verbs — also known as auxiliary verbs — play a vital role in English verb conjugation. While some tenses involve only the main verb (e.g., “He runs”), many verb forms require helping verbs to express time, aspect, mood, or voice.

Without them, we couldn’t form continuous, perfect, passive, or modal structures — all essential parts of English conjugation.

Examples:

• I am working on a new project these days.
• They have moved to New York recently.
• Did you watch the game yesterday?
• Emails were sent to participants.
• Participants must fill out the forms we have sent them.

As you can see, helping verbs are often necessary to communicate meaning clearly and accurately.

When conjugating a verb in English, it’s often necessary to choose and correctly conjugate the appropriate helping verb, in addition to the main verb. This is especially true in compound tenses.

1. Primary Helping Verbs: Be, Do, Have

These verbs help form continuous, perfect, and passive constructions:

2. Modal Helping Verbs: Can, Will, Must, etc.

Modal verbs express ability, permission, obligation, possibility, or future actions. They are always followed by the base form of the main verb:

3. Helping Verbs in Negation and Questions

Helping verbs are essential for forming negative sentences and questions in many tenses:

• ✗ She not like apples. → ✓ She does not like apples.
• ✗ You going tomorrow? → ✓ Are you going tomorrow?

Without helping verbs, these structures would be grammatically incorrect. Their placement and form are crucial parts of conjugating verbs correctly.

To sum up, here is why helping verbs matter in conjugation:

• They enable the formation of complex tenses like the present perfect or the future continuous.
• They help express tense, voice (active/passive), and mood (certainty, obligation, etc.).
• They are required in questions and negatives, even in the simple present and past.

💡Tip: When conjugating a verb, always identify the helping verb(s) first.
For example:
– She has been eating → has and been are auxiliary (helping) verbs, and eating is the main verb in its continuous (-ing) form.

Conjugation Rules for Each Tense

Below are English verb conjugation tables using a regular verb (work) and an irregular verb (write), along with the rules that govern how these tenses are formed.

1. Simple Tenses

Simple tenses describe general truths, completed past actions, or future events without focusing on their duration.

💡 Tip: Memorizing irregular past forms is essential because they don’t follow standard rules.

2. Continuous (Progressive) Tenses

These tenses describe actions in progress at a specific time in the past, present, or future.

💡 Tip: Stative verbs (e.g., know, believe, love, hate, need, prefer, belong) are rarely or never used in continuous tenses because they describe conditions or feelings rather than actions.
I am knowing the answer.✗ → I know the answer.✓

3. Perfect Continuous Tenses

These describe ongoing actions that started in the past and continued over a period of time.

English Conjugation Exercise with Answers

Tips for Mastering English Verb Conjugation

1. Memorize Irregular Verbs – Lists like go-went-gone must be learned individually.
2. Use Conjugation Tables – Reference charts help visualize patterns.
3. Practice Daily – Apply verbs in speaking and writing.
4. Engage with Exercises – Worksheets and quizzes reinforce learning.

Verb Conjugation Chart (Regular vs Irregular Verbs)

FAQs about Verb Conjugation in English

Key Takeaways on Verb Conjugation in English

Mastering verb conjugation is essential for expressing time, intention, and meaning in English. Here’s what to remember:

• Verb conjugation changes based on tense, person, and number.
• Regular verbs follow predictable patterns (add -ed), while irregular verbs must be memorized.
• Helping verbs like be, have, and will are crucial for forming complex tenses, questions, and negatives.
• English has 12 basic verb tenses, each with its own structure and use.
• Conjugation tables and exercises help reinforce learning and build confidence.
• Consistent practice and exposure are key to fluency.

Building a solid foundation in verb conjugation will help you communicate more clearly and accurately in English.

Related Pages

• Review of English Tenses
• Examples of English Tenses
• Grammar Exercise: English Tenses Review